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“最后一桶金”规划新现象 别让财富添乱使尽不留遗产
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“最后一桶金”规划新现象 别让财富添乱使尽不留遗产

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John Doe
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这些年来越来越多人把部分遗产捐给慈善,甚至出现鼓吹“现在就花掉孩子遗产”的SKIN(Spend Your Kids’ Inheritance Now的缩略语)“使尽”现象。

世界首富之一比尔·盖茨多次承诺,把1130亿美元(约1595亿新元)财产几乎全捐给慈善,三个孩子各获1000万美元;他坚信留大笔钱给孩子绝对不是好事。

沃伦·巴菲特则宣布,一分也不留给三个孩子,会捐出所有给慈善。

本期《实况报道》请擅长信托和遗产事务的律师、法学教授和老年学学者谈SKIN“使尽”现象,并访问退休人士,了解不准备留太多给孩子的原因。

“不要留太多给孩子”的趋势渐长,有越来越多找律师办理遗嘱或信托事务的人,把部分遗产捐给慈善,或自设信托,以便更好地管理所支持的慈善事业。

两名擅长处理信托和遗产事务的资深律师告诉《联合早报》,积极行善的客户越来越多,一些甚至已定期捐钱给慈善机构,而不是等到过世后才这么做。

王律师事务所(WongPartnership LLP)专业人士及私人客户争议业务组负责人沈木英律师说,不论是用在自己身上、当礼物送给孩子或至爱,或是捐给慈善机构,财富在一个人还活着时是最有价值的。

“有的施予者享受从金钱得到的快乐,比如孩子或慈善机构向他表达感激之情,或通过捐钱做了好事而乐在其中。

“从这个角度,我可以明白为何一些人想在有生之年花光一切。”

她就见过一分钱也不给孩子的父母,有的因为跟孩子的关系恶劣,有的则因孩子挥金如土。相反的,也有继承遗产者积极行善,打算捐出大部分遗产。

福鼎律师事务所(Fortis Law Corporation)创办人陈子佳律师说,把遗产留给孩子是根深蒂固的传统价值观,但“花光”个人财产的做法也有益处。

他指出,父母留遗产给孩子理由很多,比如,在孩子成长期间常“缺席”,所以用遗赠示爱或表达愧疚。

有的因孩子是特需者,就用遗产设立信托,让孩子在他们离世后生活有照应。

“不论什么原因,孩子可能真的需要帮助,而留遗产给孩子的做法本身就能教导孩子施予的价值。”

沈木英说,虽然有客户认为孩子有一半的可能性会乱花遗产,但也有客户认为给孩子一笔钱,将有助于孩子取得成功。

 

设立慈善基金更好掌控财富

她指出,多数客户“守住”财富,是为孩子所需。一旦满足了孩子的需求,他们便会开始捐出行善。

不过,她留意到捐献者更有主动权,“与其直接捐钱给慈善机构,更多客户设立自己的慈善基金,以便更好掌控”。

她的一个客户选择帮某慈善机构设立医疗设施,再给予资助,而不是直接捐钱。

一些则每年把资产或生意赚取的部分收入捐给慈善,另一些把部分资产纳入慈善信托或基金,为慈善机构创造收入。

“还有一些给每个孩子一份财产,也给一份做慈善。也有客户设条件,要孩子先捐出所得遗产的10%,才能继承剩余的90%。”

沈木英指出,微软创办人比尔·盖茨累积的财富是子孙享用不尽的,所以设立慈善基金。但一般打工族以养家育儿为己任,慈善可能不是第一选项。

“事实是,越没钱的人,越要孩子过得比他们好,所以想方设法留下资产,但我认为帮孩子,不该凌驾于自己的需求和生活享受之上。”

陈子佳也认为,必须在SKIN和留遗产之间,取得平衡。

“我已立好遗嘱,也制定了持久授权书(LPA)。我确保自己有足够资源办好三件事:应付医药和退休开销,以及清还所有贷款和债务。”

 

孩子主动要求不要遗产

这些年来,陈子佳看到不少客户定期捐钱给慈善机构,有的甚至把遗产全捐给慈善。有些是因为他们的孩子能自给自足、明理和善良,叫父母留给较不幸者。

“我看到许多孩子,坚持父母不要列他们为受益人,把遗产转给有需要者或其他家庭成员,我就是其中一个。”

陈子佳坦言,他叫母亲把遗产留给兄弟姐妹、侄甥和慈善,“我希望以后我的孩子,也叫我不要列他们为遗产受益人”。

他感激父亲给他最好的教育:“做人要舍得。大舍大得,小舍小得,不舍不得。”

 

个案① :防子女争财产 卖掉大洋房

为了避免留下房子惹“后患”,七旬退休专业人士数年前毅然卖掉住了几十年的大洋房,搬到市区公寓,口袋满满地与老伴安享晚年。

问有三个子女的林大悟(化名),这样做难道不心痛不可惜?难道没想过把洋房留给其中一个孩子?

他语重心长说道,屋子太旧了,修理或重建都得花钱,租出去的话,租户不一定会爱惜房子,有问题也会来烦你。

“留的话,留给哪一个孩子?大家一定有不同意见。继承的人也未必喜欢屋子和地点,还是卖了干脆。我虽然知道房价以后会涨,但留下也有后患,除非你只有一个孩子。”

林大悟说,把财富传给下一代的传统观念是时候该调整了,但也不是改变一切,一分钱都不给儿孙。

他认为,给孩子的最佳礼物就是按他们的能力,让他们接受最好的教育,在有生之年尽可能帮助孩子,使他们可以自立、自组家庭,过安定的日子。

“给他们过多遗产,他们不会知道那些是你一辈子省吃俭用积攒而来的。钱到了他们手上变成零用钱,一下子就花光了,有时还嫌不够。”

“老年人必须确保能经济自立。钱在你口袋,总比在别人口袋好。你的辛苦钱一天不用,不花在自己身上,都还不是你的。但这么说也不是鼓励你挥霍乱花。”

他也说,儿女在事业和家庭起步阶段都须要帮助,但每个的情况不同,不要顾虑分配公平与否。

“最好孩子不需要你帮太久。他们有本事的话,其实不需要你,没本事,你即使有大把钱,也会惹争端。”

他感叹,有的父母尚在,手足之间就为了争夺资产而闹上公堂。“沒教好啊。父母尚未去世已经如此,不敢想象两老不在后,会搞出什么乱象。”

他眼看一些已故名人的孩子对簿公堂,“家家有本难念的经啊!身居高位的他们已是如此,平民百姓如我更不用说了。”

他指出,自己的孩子即使多好多孝顺,他们的伴侶却是未知数,“许多纷争都由此而起,因为他们对你这个长辈以及其他家庭成员的感情不同,到头来是利字当道。”

林大悟已立了遗嘱并制订LPA。“遗嘱和LPA直接了当,我俩其中一个有事,动产与不动产全交给还在的那一个,不会牵涉下一代。”

他说:“新加坡应该有中高档次、包伙食和提供医疗等服务的退休村,让付得起的老人有私人的服务式住所。”

林大悟的许多海外老年朋友就是这样卖了大房子,把钱用在退休村,有尊严地享受剩余岁月。

林大悟最后再三提醒,每个家庭的情况都不同,关键是老年人要有经济自由。

“不要太早分家产,也不要让他们知道将得到什么。如果孩子一直要钱,不断争吵,就索性捐给可以信任的慈善机构。”

 

个案② :多年沟通与磨合 父母终于安心“花钱”享乐

多年打拼后累积可观财富,年长父母想为儿女规划财产安排未来,但儿女更希望父母专注当下享受生活。两代人为彼此着想却一度引起不愉快,但如今达成共识,老两口放心“花钱”,晚年活出精彩和意义。

陈丽丝(化名,29岁,项目经理)的父母40多年前顶下红山一家小店铺,从小买卖一步步发展。随着公司规模越来越大,陈家的经济条件越来越好,21年前搬入了荷兰村一带的独立式洋房。

“父母特别疼爱我们四个孩子,花钱毫不吝啬。但我们从小目睹父母打拼的精神,也立志像他们一样,努力自力更生。”

陈丽丝说,大哥10年前结婚时打头阵,对想要为新人买房的父母说,以后都不会拿爸妈的钱。兄妹四人借机向父母提出,希望他们能够提早退休,去享受晚年生活。

“记得当时父母的反应很激烈,还问是不是觉得他们老了没能力赚钱养家,让我们哭笑不得。”

对陈丽丝和哥哥来说,父母从小的疼爱、付出和栽培才是最宝贵的财富,再多的遗产也不及看到父母在有生之年开心重要。

经过多年的沟通和磨合,如今年近70的父母终于完全理解儿女的立场,也就遗产事宜达成了共识。

父母在疫情暴发时退休,积极投身义工和慈善。随着边境开放,两人开始出国旅行,尝试年轻时没能享受的体验。

“我们告诉父母,他们最好把所有的钱都花完,不留任何遗憾。他们看到我们事业和生活都有足够保障,也就放心让我们自理。”

妥善安排遗产 儿女父母须坦诚沟通

老年学和信托专家认为,遗产或许不是越多越好,但究竟多少才“合适”、剩余的如何安排,还须要父母和儿女坦诚开放的沟通。

新加坡管理大学法学院教授陈汉吾说,多数新加坡人都要留遗产给孩子,希望子孙过得比上一代好。《回教法执行法令》就规定三分之二遗产须留给包括孩子的受益人。

针对SKIN的趋势,他认为,老练、超高净值者认为,留太多钱给孩子不是祝福而是祸害,“要达到目标努力奋斗,太多钱反而成了障碍,也会一直怀疑人们接近他们是为了钱”。

新加坡新跃社科大学副教授(老年学课程)和体验式教育中心高级专家马学嘉博士说,多数普通收入的家长担心留给孩子太少,因此可能省吃俭用,努力存钱给孩子,给他们带来更多金钱保障。

不过,遗产积累越多,越影响父母的生活质量。

她解释,这种心态和行为源自传统的集体主义(collectivism)价值观。不论是几十人的大家庭或是仅有四五人的核心家庭,成员之间都会考虑共同利益,必要时更是准备牺牲自我利益。

随着我国社会的变迁,家庭结构有所改变,有年轻一代选择单身,即使结婚,也可能计划只养“毛孩”(意宠物)、不要儿女。他们的日常开销因此可能更少,不大需要额外的金钱贴补生活。

马学嘉说,与其父母省吃俭用、拮据度日,相信孩子更乐意看到他们安享晚年,“父母和孩子两代人的观念不同,须要坦诚开放地沟通”。

生老病死是人之常情,但人们或因恐惧而忌讳讨论,孩子该如何开口与父母讨论遗产事宜?

马学嘉强调,每个家庭有个别的相处模式,但最重要的是以父母的意愿为中心。

她分享自己做义工的经验说,一些老人家对立遗嘱所需的程序和考量不了解,儿女就说教似地告诉父母该怎么做,附加自己对遗产的设想和要求,没考虑父母想要怎么安排。

“作为儿女,我们应该帮助父母了解过程,并尊重他们的意愿,在需要时帮助他们完成。”

陈汉吾是新加坡社区基金会(The Community Foundation of Singapore)捐献者指示委员会(Donor Advised Committee)成员,也为本地慈善组织提供咨询。

他说,一些富人觉得生活在危机重重、极度不平等的世界,所以希望捐一些遗产,改善贫困甚至气候问题。

“年轻一代对留遗产给慈善事业相当正面。这一代非常热衷于一些事项,例如气候改变。”

但陈汉吾认为,为慈善捐赠财产不仅是有钱人的专利。儿女如果有一定能力,以父母的名义给学校或大学捐钱设立奖项,也很有意义。“用大概5万元设个奖项,可以纪念死者多年。”

他指出,早前的殖民时期,英国政府没提供足够的社会服务,只能靠社群自发提供援助。

本地著名的华人慈善家就有陈笃生、陈嘉庚、陈六使和李光前,陈汉吾说:“从殖民时期,慈善早就成为新加坡DNA的一部分。”

信用:联合早报©新报业媒体有限公司。复制需要许可

This article was originally published in Zaobao here. Source: Zaobao © SPH Media Limited. Permission required for reproduction.

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All about legacy giving

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LEGACY giving is not the prerogative of the ultra-wealthy alone. That is the mindset the Community Foundation of Singapore (CFS) wants to inculcate with its latest movement – the Legacy Giving Initiative (LGI) – which was launched by a campaign called A Greater Gift last November.

According to a Social Pulse survey, while the majority of respondents (83 per cent) flagged awareness on what legacy giving is, only 33 per cent considered legacy as a means of giving, and just 3 per cent indicated they would take action.

Legacy gifts can be broadly defined as planned, future donations to charities, which include cash, marketable securities, insurance payouts, and CPF monies. Those looking to support a cause over a period of years can establish a donor-advised fund (DAF) with organisations such as CFS to manage grant distributions. Now, about six months after the Legacy Giving Initiative was launched, CFS is shifting into the knowledge phase of its initiative.

CFS chairperson Christine Ong said the foundation “will drive this phase by engaging with prospects and partners, conducting targeted research to gather data insights, and building formal alliances with multipliers”.

“The digitally-led campaign, A Greater Gift, has introduced people from different walks in life in Singapore to legacy giving,” she said.

CFS’ microsite on legacy giving has reached out to three key audiences – individuals, professional advisers and charities – receiving over 33,000 page views from 19,000 visitors since its launch and offering information on legacy giving.

Radio spots were also featured in the campaign, reaching over 1.3 million people.

Gregory Vijayendran, the president of The Law Society of Singapore, said that for the gift-giver, legacy giving has four advantages.

First, it allows the donor to give their own voice to their unique personality, values and beliefs for a cherished cause. Secondly, it creates a meaningful memorial to perpetuate the legacy of the donor, he said. Thirdly, it positively impacts subsequent generations through sustained giving. And, lastly, he said it deepens and lengthens the connection between the charity and the donor.

Ms Ong is keen to build on the momentum gained so far. She said that donors’ profiles with CFS have evolved over the last 12 years since it was set up.

“The younger generation is more interested to identify problems, or be more involved with understanding the issues and identifying the cause before they decide to set up a fund,” she said.

CFS is looking into ways to measure the social impact of the research programme.

“We hope to see how this can be done on a more standardised national level. We want donors to be more focused on the impact of their giving and, at the same time, allow charities to upscale, to make them better stewards to their donors,” said Ms Ong.

“CFS will be sharing knowledge on legacy giving, to empower and enable more individuals to plan and make legacy gifts. In addition, we will work with professional advisers by providing them with resources to help them ignite conversations with clients, and share its knowledge on legacy giving, as well as the potential of DAF, to empower and enable more individuals to plan and make legacy gifts.”

To date, CFS has cultivated over 400 professional advisers and charity representatives, through online events, seeding a network of conversation starters and multipliers for legacy giving.

Ms Ong said the aim is to send the broader message that “everyone can give”.

“Giving is not about the amount and you can start at any stage of your life. For those who can set up their own DAF, they can make a pledge – we will take pledges of S$200,000 and create funds for them,” she said.

“Regardless of one’s background and lifestyle, everyone can play a part in the shared ambition for a fairer and more sustainable Singapore.”

This article was originally published in The Business Times here. Source: The Business Times © Singapore Press Holdings Limited. Permission required for reproduction

To find out more about Legacy Giving, kindly visit our Legacy Giving website or contact us here.

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Celebrating 15 Years of Impact: CFS Annual Report 2024

We are pleased to share our 2024 Annual Report, celebrating The Community Foundation of Singapore’s 15th anniversary. This year’s report outlines our progress over the years, and reinforces our firm commitment to being the community foundation focused on uplifting and supporting communities across Singapore.

We are pleased to share our 2024 Annual Report, celebrating The Community Foundation of Singapore’s 15th anniversary. This year’s report outlines our progress over the years, and reinforces our firm commitment to being the community foundation focused on uplifting and supporting communities across Singapore.

A Year of Exceptional Grantmaking

FY2023 was a year of growth, particularly in the areas of grantmaking and capability building. We distributed $22.5 million to 240 grantees, a 32% rise from the previous year, and enhanced our human resources to address growing industry demands.

Key Highlights for FY2023:

  • Surpassed $300 million in total donations, thanks to our generous donors 
  • Awarded the Charity Transparency Award and the Friends of Community Care Award
  • Launched The Collective for a Stronger Society to support social mobility for lower-income families
  • Significant tech upgrades to our CRM system, website, and new donor portal

Looking Ahead

The Community Foundation of Singapore remains steadfast in our dedication to inspiring philanthropy and cultivating cohesive and compassionate communities. Check out our 2024 Annual Report to learn more about our collaboration with donors and the community.

Contact us to be part of our mission. Together, we can create a brighter future for all.

Opinion

Accessing Quality Education: Three Areas Where Donors Can Make A Difference

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Students without means often do not enjoy the same opportunities as their well-to-do peers. Some are forced to give up their studies to support themselves and their families. Others struggle throughout school without realising they have a learning disability. Some younger children are less school-ready, leading them to fall behind academically. With grants from CFS donors, at-risk students can get the right support to access quality education, one of five focal outcome-centred causes that CFS champions.  

We firmly believe education can boost a person’s employability, and promote inclusivity and integration within society. However, we recognise that not every child has an equal shot at obtaining the education they need. With targeted philanthropy, we bridge critical gaps and improve social mobility for our most vulnerable young.

CFS curates evidence-backed programmes that stretch from pre-school to tertiary level. In this article, we focus on three essential areas where, together with our donors, we continue to make a tangible impact. These are financial assistance for living expenses, helping children with learning differences and building skills for primary-level pupils. 

Letting Students Focus on Learning Through Financial Assistance

At the Institute of Technical Education (ITE), students gain diplomas and valuable skills in a variety of industries, from food science to nursing to IT.  The majority of ITE students, however, come from challenging backgrounds: 46% are from families with a per capita income of under $1,000, more than twice the national average. Many then have to work part-time, leaving less time for their studies.

ITE lends a helping hand to these youths through the Monthly Financial Assistance Scheme (MFAS). Beneficiaries receive $150 per month for six months to help with their food and transport costs. 

ITE is only able to help some of their students with MFAS and relies on donor support to ensure greater coverage. This would help even more students on their quest to graduate and find gainful employment. 

Similar financial assistance schemes are also offered by AMKFSC Community Services Ltd, Nanyang Polytechnic, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Republic Polytechnic and Temasek Polytechnic. Numerous students with limited family support stand to benefit from your generosity.

Support for Dyslexia Assessments

Children with learning differences often have difficulties keeping up in school. This can severely impact their academic life and hurt their career opportunities. Some have dyslexia without knowing it: global incidence rates suggest that up to 10% of the school-going population may suffer from dyslexia.

In Singapore, the Dyslexia Association of Singapore (DAS) conducts close to 1,000 psycho-educational assessments each year, based on referrals by teachers and parents. These assessments are important in identifying the needs of struggling learners to make appropriate recommendations for learning support. However, about 35% of these children come from low-income families, who will not be able to afford the costly assessment fees.

Donor support from CFS directly funds psycho-educational assessments by trained psychologists at DAS. Once diagnosed, the children will be able to receive support tailored to their learning abilities. Through early intervention, donors are helping disadvantaged children overcome their learning differences, allowing them to fulfil their potential.

After-School Enrichment Builds Skills and Confidence

Each child starts at a different point in primary school based on their socio-economic background. Those from families facing challenges may have weaker literacy or numeracy skills and thus be less prepared for school.  Being placed into lower-performing classes may demoralise and frustrate these children, leading to disinterest and reduced academic motivation.

KidsExcel works closely with primary schools to reach out to students from families with a gross household income below $2,750 or per capita income below $690. It runs regular enrichment sessions which address learning gaps as well as activities centred on sports and life skills. This includes drama, public speaking and robotics. The programme boosts resilience and character-building while helping the kids academically. It also empowers parents to participate in their children’s educational journey.

In 2022, KidsExcel served 350 primary school children across 11 centres. An encouraging number of children were able to improve their grades, while 87% of Primary 6 pupils passed their PSLE. Through KidsExcel, donors are helping to level the playing field for underprivileged children in primary schools. 

We could spark change with far-reaching effects by funding a programme that improves access to quality education. Drawing on our experience working with charities and partners over the years, CFS is here to offer advisory and administrative support so that you can focus on the transformative power of your giving to educational causes.  

Learn how CFS can help you support access to quality education at https://www.cf.org.sg/giving/ways-to-give/.

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The competition was organised by City Harvest Community Services Association and received support from FUN! Fund, a Community Impact Fund jointly established by the Community Foundation of Singapore and the Agency for Integrated Care, with the aim of addressing social isolation among the elderly.

Senior Minister of State, Ministry of Communications and Information & Ministry of National Development Mr Tan Kiat How attended the event. He encouraged the elderly to stay physically and mentally well, as well as urging them to participate in community activities and enjoy their golden years together.

Learn more about FUN! Fund at https://www.cf.org.sg/fun-fund/.

 

The programme provides the children with a non-threatening platform to connect with peers and have positive conversations. In addition, it exposes them to different people who can assist to broaden their perspectives.

L.S., a volunteer with the Reading Odyssey programme @ Spooner Road

中心“常胜将军”胡锦盛:比赛限时反应要快

现年92岁的胡锦盛是最年长的参赛者。自2017年退休后,他几乎每天都到活跃乐龄中心报到,从此爱上了玩拉密,每次可玩上三个小时,在中心是“常胜将军”。

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LIFT (Learning Initiatives for Employment) Community Impact Fund – Training and increasing employability for marginalised groups

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The Learning Initiatives for Employment (LIFT) Community Impact Fund (CIF) from the Community Foundation of Singapore (CFS) provides social enterprise funding to enable disadvantaged groups to obtain training in order to be more employable. 

The funding provided has allowed two social enterprises, the Bettr Barista Coffee Academy and Dignity Kitchen develop a more standardised training programme for their students, as well as expand the number of training places available to aid more disadvantaged groups to enter the workforce.

Both social enterprises were covered in the story, along with the experiences of a beneficiary that had benefited from the programme. It was reported that the two enterprises had provided training for 115 people from April 2020 to March 2021, and managed to get 73 people employed, out of the 91 that had completed the training. Amongst the 73 employed, 55 of them remained employed for more than three months, showing the success of the programme.

The first story covers the journey of Jiefan, an 18 years old who had dropped out of school a few years prior and was on probation due to violating the law. He went through 20 interviews in two months, yet was not hired due to his probation and surveillance sentence. After a recommendation from his social worker, Jiefan received training at the social enterprise Bettr Barista, where he not only learned how to brew coffee, but also to control his emotions and improve his communication skills.

The second story talks about the experience of Jerry Tan, 23 years old, who had suffered from a stroke four years ago back in his second year in Singapore Polytechnic. While he survived, the left side of his body was left stiff and weak, and his left arm still remains unresponsive up till today. In addition, with the vision in both of his eyes also affected, Jerry was disadvantaged physically. He underwent a one-month training course in Dignity Kitchen to complete a series of Workforce Skills Qualification (WSQ), following which he worked in a Japanese restaurant for about a year, before returning to Dignity Kitchen to serve as a cashier due to Covid-19. Jerry is now currently helping to train other colleagues with physical disabilities while he considers his future education and career.

The article also featured a quote from Joyce Teo, Deputy Chief Executive Officer of CFS, explaining how the disadvantaged people also needed some training to adapt to the workplace environment, as most of them had never gotten a chance to enter a formal workplace in society. She also spoke about how she hoped that the public could actively support and donate to the LIFT fund to help subsidise the training fees for the socially disadvantaged population, which could cost $5,000 per individual on average.

If you would like to support someone in their journey towards sustained employment opportunities, please visit our donation drive on Giving.sg here.

This translated article was originally published by Lianhe Zaobao 

Credit: Lianhe Zaobao © Singapore Press Holdings Limited. Permission required for reproduction.  

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